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    October 14

    Cytophatic Effect

    Cytophatic Effect

    What is the meaning of cytophatic effect?

    Any observable anatomical (morphological) and for physiological alteration in host cell following virus infection.

    It’s attributed to the virus inhibiting some aspect of cell metablosim or alternatively stimulating host cell metabolism

     

    What is the use of Cytophatic Effects?

    Used is clinical virology laboratory to aid in identification of a virus isolate.

     

    What is the example of Cytophatic Effect

    There are  several example of cytophatic effect

    -          Swelling / rounding of the infected cell

    -          Fusion with adjacent cells to form a syncytia (polykaryotes)

    -          Nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

    -          Shrinking

    -          Detachment from surface

    -          Altered shape

    -          Lysis

    -          Altered membrane permeability

    -          Apoptosis.

    -          Vacuolization, disorientation

     

    One of the example of the cytophatic effect is nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. What is your understanding about inclusion bodies?

    Inclusion bodies are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stainable substances, usually proteins. They typically represent sites of viral multiplication in a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell and usually consist of viral capsid proteins.

     

    What is the characterictis of inclusion bodies and give some example

    The characterization of inclusion bodies is useful for identification of viruses infections.

    Example               - Guarnien bodies – the inclusion in small pox

                                    - Negri bodies – inclusions in Rabies.

     

    What are the effects of these inclusion on the host cell?

    There can aggregate around host cell organelles and disrupt cellular activity

    For example :
            -     REO virus inclusion aggregate around spindle fibers which can disrupt mitosis in anaphase

    -          Arena virus inclusion aggregate around host cell ribosomoes which can distrupt translation

    -          Herpes Aggregate around chromatin which can distrupt replication and transcription.

     

    What is syncytia?

    a large cell-like structure filled with cytoplasm containing many nuclei.

     

    What is the example of  syncytia.

    The example of syncytia is measles virus, mumps virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Para influenza

     

    1:52 PM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | virology

    Cytophatic Effect

    Cytophatic Effect

    What is the meaning of cytophatic effect?

    Any observable anatomical (morphological) and for physiological alteration in host cell following virus infection.

    It’s attributed to the virus inhibiting some aspect of cell metablosim or alternatively stimulating host cell metabolism

     

    What is the use of Cytophatic Effects?

    Used is clinical virology laboratory to aid in identification of a virus isolate.

     

    What is the example of Cytophatic Effect

    There are  several example of cytophatic effect

    -          Swelling / rounding of the infected cell

    -          Fusion with adjacent cells to form a syncytia (polykaryotes)

    -          Nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

    -          Shrinking

    -          Detachment from surface

    -          Altered shape

    -          Lysis

    -          Altered membrane permeability

    -          Apoptosis.

    -          Vacuolization, disorientation

     

    One of the example of the cytophatic effect is nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. What is your understanding about inclusion bodies?

    Inclusion bodies are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stainable substances, usually proteins. They typically represent sites of viral multiplication in a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell and usually consist of viral capsid proteins.

     

    What is the characterictis of inclusion bodies and give some example

    The characterization of inclusion bodies is useful for identification of viruses infections.

    Example               - Guarnien bodies – the inclusion in small pox

                                    - Negri bodies – inclusions in Rabies.

     

    What are the effects of these inclusion on the host cell?

    There can aggregate around host cell organelles and disrupt cellular activity

    For example :
            -     REO virus inclusion aggregate around spindle fibers which can disrupt mitosis in anaphase

    -          Arena virus inclusion aggregate around host cell ribosomoes which can distrupt translation

    -          Herpes Aggregate around chromatin which can distrupt replication and transcription.

     

    What is syncytia?

    a large cell-like structure filled with cytoplasm containing many nuclei.

     

    What is the example of  syncytia.

    The example of syncytia is measles virus, mumps virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Para influenza

     

    1:51 PM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | virology
    August 06

    The Group of classification of viruses by Baltimore

    THE BALTIMIORE CLASSIFICATION

    The group of classification of virus.

    Class

    Example Of virus

    Discription

    Class I – Double-stranded DNA

    Adenoviruses; Herpesviruses; Poxviruses

    Some replicate in the nucleus (e.g adenoviruses) using cellular proteins.

    Poxviruses replicate in the cytoplasm and make their own enzymes for nucleic acid replication

    Class II – Single-stranded (+) sense DNA

    Parvoviruses

    Replication occurs in the nucleus, involving the formation of a (-)sense strand, which serves as a tamplate for (+) strand RNA and DNA synthesis

    Class III – Double-stranded RNA

    Reoviruses; Birnaviruses

    These viruses have segmented genomes Each genome segment is transcribed separately to produce monocistronic mRNAs

    Class IV – Single-stranded (+) sense RNA

    Picornaviruses; togaviruses

    a)      Polycistronic RNA (e.g Picornaviruses; Hepatitis A) Genome RNA = mRNA. Means naked RNA is infectious, no virion particle associated polymerase. Translation results in the formation of a polyprotein product, which is subsequently cleaved to form the mature proteins.

    b)      Complex transcription (e.g togaviruses). Two or more rounds of translation are necessary to produce the genomic RNA.

    Class V – Single-stranded (-) sense RNA

    Orthomyxoviruses, Rhabdoviruses

    Must have a virion particle RNA directed RNA polymerase

    a)      Segmented (e.g Orthomyxociruses). First step in replication is transcription of the (-)sense RNA genome by the virion RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to produce monocistronic mRNAs, which also serve as the template for genome replication

    b)      Non-segmented (e.g Rhabdoviruses). Replication occurs as above and monocitronic mRNA are produce

    Class VI – Single-stranded (+)sense RNA with DNA intermediate in life-cycle

    Retroviruses

    Genome is (+) sense but unique among viruses in that is diploid and does not serve as mRNA, but as template for reverse transcription

    Class VII – Double-stranded DNA with RNA intermediate

    Hepadnaviruses

    This group of viruses also relies on reverse transcription, but unlike the Retroviruses, this occurs inside the virus particle on maturation. On infection of a new cell, the first event to occur is repair of the gapped genome, followed by transcription.

     

    9:03 AM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | virology