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Cytophatic Effect

What is the meaning of cytophatic effect?

Any observable anatomical (morphological) and for physiological alteration in host cell following virus infection.

It’s attributed to the virus inhibiting some aspect of cell metablosim or alternatively stimulating host cell metabolism

What is the use of Cytophatic Effects?

Used is clinical virology laboratory to aid in identification of a virus isolate.

What is the example of Cytophatic Effect

There are  several example of cytophatic effect

-          Swelling / rounding of the infected cell

-          Fusion with adjacent cells to form a syncytia (polykaryotes)

-          Nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

-          Shrinking

-          Detachment from surface

-          Altered shape

-          Lysis

-          Altered membrane permeability

-          Apoptosis.

-          Vacuolization, disorientation

One of the example of the cytophatic effect is nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. What is your understanding about inclusion bodies?

Inclusion bodies are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stainable substances, usually proteins. They typically represent sites of viral multiplication in a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell and usually consist of viral capsid proteins.

What is the characterictis of inclusion bodies and give some example

The characterization of inclusion bodies is useful for identification of viruses infections.

Example               - Guarnien bodies – the inclusion in small pox

                                - Negri bodies – inclusions in Rabies.

What are the effects of these inclusion on the host cell?

There can aggregate around host cell organelles and disrupt cellular activity

For example :
        -     REO virus inclusion aggregate around spindle fibers which can disrupt mitosis in anaphase

-          Arena virus inclusion aggregate around host cell ribosomoes which can distrupt translation

-          Herpes Aggregate around chromatin which can distrupt replication and transcription.

What is syncytia?

a large cell-like structure filled with cytoplasm containing many nuclei.

What is the example of  syncytia.

The example of syncytia is measles virus, mumps virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Para influenza

Cytophatic Effect

What is the meaning of cytophatic effect?

Any observable anatomical (morphological) and for physiological alteration in host cell following virus infection.

It’s attributed to the virus inhibiting some aspect of cell metablosim or alternatively stimulating host cell metabolism

What is the use of Cytophatic Effects?

Used is clinical virology laboratory to aid in identification of a virus isolate.

What is the example of Cytophatic Effect

There are  several example of cytophatic effect

-          Swelling / rounding of the infected cell

-          Fusion with adjacent cells to form a syncytia (polykaryotes)

-          Nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

-          Shrinking

-          Detachment from surface

-          Altered shape

-          Lysis

-          Altered membrane permeability

-          Apoptosis.

-          Vacuolization, disorientation

One of the example of the cytophatic effect is nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. What is your understanding about inclusion bodies?

Inclusion bodies are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stainable substances, usually proteins. They typically represent sites of viral multiplication in a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell and usually consist of viral capsid proteins.

What is the characterictis of inclusion bodies and give some example

The characterization of inclusion bodies is useful for identification of viruses infections.

Example               - Guarnien bodies – the inclusion in small pox

                                - Negri bodies – inclusions in Rabies.

What are the effects of these inclusion on the host cell?

There can aggregate around host cell organelles and disrupt cellular activity

For example :
        -     REO virus inclusion aggregate around spindle fibers which can disrupt mitosis in anaphase

-          Arena virus inclusion aggregate around host cell ribosomoes which can distrupt translation

-          Herpes Aggregate around chromatin which can distrupt replication and transcription.

What is syncytia?

a large cell-like structure filled with cytoplasm containing many nuclei.

What is the example of  syncytia.

The example of syncytia is measles virus, mumps virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Para influenza

Comparison of Lymphoctes involved in the Immune response.

TEST 1 MIC 206 6^th August 2008 (Revision Question)

By:                   Khairul Anwar Bin Abu Mansor

                        Faculty Of Applied Science; Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia

1.       Define these terms :-

a.       Teleomorph

The sexual stage in the life cycle of a fungus that has both sexual and asexual states

b.      Mycelium

Mass of hyphae constituting the body (thallus) of a fungus.

c.       Negative staining

d.      Condiophore

A simple or branched hypha arising from a somatic hypha and bearing at its tip or side one or more conidiogenous cells; previously used interchangeably with conidiogenous cell.

e.      Saprophytic fungi

f.        Woronin bodies

An electron-dense, spherical body found in the hyphae of Ascomycota and many Deutromycetes; Woronin bodies are usually concentrated near septa.

2.       List one (1) difference and one (1) smillarity between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium italicum.

3.       List two (2) differences between the two divisions Eumycota ( True Fungi ) and Myxomycota ( Slime Moulds )

4.       List two (2) basic features of Chytridiomycetes and name one (1) Chytridiomycete

5.       State one (1) special feature of a zygomycete

It’s produce zygospore

6.       Describe with the aid of diagram the asexual reproduction of the Zygomycete, Rhizopus stolonifera (Hint! Besides the descriptions, relevant diagram with labels will also be given marks)

7.       Write short notes on the condition called histoplasmosis

8.       Name one (1) Deutromycete that is a plant pathogen and one (1) that is an animal pathogen (Note which is which)

9.       Describe the economic importance of Aspergillus

Aspergillus is able to utilize enormous varieties of substances for food as they produce a large number of enzymes.

10.   State one (1) difference between moulds and yeasts

MIC 206 – Fungi and Other Organisms Questions

By :               Khairul Anwar Bin Abu Mansor

                        Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia

1.       Different between Parasitism and mutualism

2.       Defination of Facultative Symbionts, Obligate Symbionts, Biotrophic Association, Necrotrophic Association

3.       How do fungi infect plant:

Through : Aerial surface, Root surface, wounds, internal tissues (endodermis, phloem, xylem)

4.       Fungi (relating to features) that help in the infection process

5.       Necrotrophic

6.       Biotrophic Attack

7.       How plants control fungal attack?

-          Biological control

-          Breeding disease resistance plant

-          Integrated control

8.       Fungi and animals
-  Fungi that attack animals

-    Fungi that line as mutual symbionts

-    Fungi as food to animals

9.       Mycoparasitism

* The Aswer will be update later